Cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome type I + II + III: An unusual case.

Cerebrofacial arteriovenous Metameric syndrome (CAMS) typically manifests as types I, II, or III, occasionally presenting as dual types. Our unique case underscores the coexistence of all three CAMS types in one patient. Furthermore, the concurrent acute cerebellar infarct underscores the need to consider CAMS in the differential diagnosis of adolescents experiencing neurological events.

Effect of vitamin A on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes: An overview of deficiency, excessive intake, and intake recommendations.

Vitamin A imbalance during pregnancy and lactation is a global public health concern with potentially negative consequences for fetuses and neonates. Inadequate vitamin A intake during this critical period can lead to anemia, weakened immune function, night blindness, and increased susceptibility to infections. Conversely, excessive intake of vitamin A can result in birth defects, hypercalcemia, and psychiatric symptoms. This review aims to identify risk factors contributing to vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women and its impact on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. It also examines the effects of high-dose vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy on offspring health. By analyzing existing literature and recommendations, the review emphasizes the significance of vitamin A in the development of various body systems and organs. It provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of vitamin A during pregnancy and lactation, encompassing deficiencies, excessive intake, and supplementation guidelines. The need for further research in this field is highlighted. In conclusion, maintaining a balanced vitamin A status is crucial during pregnancy to promote better outcomes for fetuses and newborns. Effective monitoring and intervention strategies are essential to address vitamin A deficiency and excess in pregnant women, thereby improving fetal and neonatal health.

Moyamoya disease in an adolescent with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case report.

PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to present a case of Moyamoya disease (MMD) in an adolescent who experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose is to underscore the importance of considering MMD as a potential cause of SAH in adolescents, particularly in the absence of common causes such as trauma or aneurysmal rupture. The case further highlights the significance of early identification and appropriate management to prevent further complications and improve patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnosis was initially based on findings from a CT angiography and later confirmed through magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: The case study demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing MRA and MRI in diagnosing MMD in adolescents. It emphasizes the challenges in areas with limited resources where advanced imaging techniques like digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may not be readily accessible or affordable. The gold standard for MMD diagnosis, DSA, is acknowledged, but the study underscores the importance of alternative imaging methods in resource-constrained settings. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this case underscores the importance of considering Moyamoya disease as a potential etiology for subarachnoid hemorrhage in adolescents, particularly when common causes are absent. The study highlights the crucial role of MRA and MRI in the diagnosis of MMD, emphasizing their significance in areas with limited resources. Early identification and appropriate management are essential for preventing complications and improving patient outcomes, acknowledging the challenges associated with the accessibility of gold standard diagnostic techniques in certain settings.